VOCABULARY
NOUN PHRASES: NOUN +
OF
+ NOUN
3
a
Look again at the internet search results and find
the examples of noun phrases with this pattern: noun
+
of
+ something, e.g.
the consequences of climate
change
. Which noun phrase has no plural form?
3
b
Match the first noun in each of the noun phrases
you found above with these meanings. Use some of
the meanings more than once.
1
something which makes something else happen
2
a possibility that something bad may happen
3
when you do not have the quantity that you need
4
something which happens because of something
else
5
a piece of something
3
c
Use the eight nouns from Exercise 3b to complete
this paragraph.
The fact that I don’t want to live in a city is the
1
of many different things.
2
of the problem with
cities is that there is a lot of air pollution. One of the
3
of this air pollution is that the
4
of
people dying young increases. Heavy traffic is one
of the
5
of air pollution, and people often use
cars because there is a
6
of public transport.
The
7
of air pollution on our lives are clear,
but a
8
of money often means governments
can’t improve the urban environment.
LISTENING
4
a
11.1
Listen to the opening of a radio programme
about the environment. How has the presenter’s
opinion about global warming changed?
4
b
Listen again. What do the numbers 20, 1929, 96
and 50 refer to?
5
a
11.2
Now listen to the scientist’s answers to the
presenter’s questions and make notes. Use the key
words and phrases in this box to help you.
globe global warming climate change
frequency extreme average temperature
5
b
Use your notes to complete these statements.
1
Across the globe, there has been an increase in …
2
The increase in average global temperature increases
the …
3
There will be more heatwaves, but …
6
11.3
Listen to the final part of the programme and
make notes. Compare your notes with a partner. What
is the main problem that the scientist discusses?
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT 2:
FOR
/
SINCE
7
a
Complete these sentences with
for
or
since
. When
do we use
for
and
since
to show the period of time?
In all these sentences, is the period of time finished or
unfinished?
1
I’ve known about global warming
20 years.
2
It has rained every day
the second of June.
3
There has been no rainfall
96 days.
4
Heatwaves have become 30 times more likely
1950.
7
b
Find more examples of the present perfect in
Audio scripts 11.1–11.3 on pages 161–162. In which
examples is there a specific time period that continues
up to now?
¬
Language reference and extra practice, pages 122–123
8
a
Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect,
then complete the sentences so that they are true
for you.
1
I
(be) at this college / with my company for/
since …
2
I
(live) in my current home for/since …
3
I
(have) my mobile phone for/since …
4
I
(know) my best friend for/since …
5
I
(study) English for/since …
8
b
Compare your sentences with a partner. Who has
done those things for the longest?
A: How long have you been at this college?
B: For about six months. What about you?
SPEAKING
9
a
Illustrating a claim
Work with a partner and discuss
these statements. Can you find / think of examples to
justify the claims? Keep notes of your discussion.
1
Global warming has caused social and economic
change.
2
My government has done a lot to reduce global
warming.
3
There are still many things we haven’t done which
could reduce global warming.
4
The way I have lived my life is bad/good for the
environment.
9
b
Compare your ideas with another pair of students.
Use your notes to help you.
CLIMATE CHANGE
11.1
MEET THE EXPERT
Watch an interview with Dr Laura Baker,
a meteorologist, about tracking and
analysing storms.
Turn to page 130 for video activities.
87
