91
CONTEMPORY SCULPTORS
9.3
GRAMMAR
POSITION OF ADVERBS
7
a
Look at the adverbs/adverb phrases in bold in the
profiles. Add them to the list below.
1
Time:
then
,
in May
, …
2
Place:
there
,
at home
, …
3
Manner:
quickly
,
carefully
, …
4
Frequency:
sometimes
,
never
, …
5
Certainty:
definitely
,
perhaps
, …
6
Degree:
a lot
,
mostly
, …
7
b
Look at the clauses these adverbs/adverb phrases
appear in and answer the questions below.
1
Do groups 1–3 come at the beginning, middle or
end of the clause?
2
Where do groups 4–6 come in the clause?
3
Where do the adverbs in 4–6 go in relation to the
verb they modify?
4
Is this the same with all verbs? (Look at
mainly
.)
GRAMMAR TIP
We can emphasis adverb phrases of time and place by
putting them at the beginning of the clause.
In 2012, Yoko Ono received a lifetime achievement
award.
Ê
Language reference and extra practice, pages 126–149
8
Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct place in
the sentences.
1
The Bahraini abstract artist, Balquees Fakhro, paints
pictures which deal with what she calls belonging
and memories of places. (often)
2
Many artists have been influenced by Picasso.
(strongly)
3
Leonardo da Vinci sketched technical designs.
(very skilfully)
4
The French post-impressionist Paul Gauguin died
alone. (in Tahiti)
5
Katushika Hokusai is the most famous Japanese artist
ever. (probably)
6
The batik effect is produced by machines rather than
being hand made. (nowadays)
SPEAKING
9
a
Developing arguments
Work with a partner and
think of three arguments that support the following
statement and three arguments against it.
Public works of art are a waste of money.
9
b
Work with a new partner and discuss the
statement using the arguments you have developed.
Antony Gormley
Antony Gormley was born in 1950
in
Hampstead, England
, and, like Kapoor,
is famous for his large-scale sculptures. He
studied at Cambridge from 1968 to 1971
before travelling in India and Sri Lanka
until 1974.
On his return, he studied in a number of
colleges in London.
His work
mainly
focuses on the human body and
he uses his own body
creatively
to form metal casts
for his sculptures. One of the best examples of this
is 'Another Place', which consists of 100
mysterious
life-sized metal sculptures
on a beach near
Liverpool in the north-west of England. The figures
are all looking out to sea and, as the tide comes
in, they disappear under the water, only to appear
again,
dramatically
, as the tide goes out.
Another striking sculpture is ‘Asian Field’, installed
in Sydney in 2006. It has 180,000 small brown clay
figurines crafted by 350 Chinese villagers in five
days from 100 tons of red clay. The installation is
reminiscent of the terracotta warriors of Xian, China.
His spectacular public art installation ‘Event
Horizon’ premiered in London in 2007, before
being displayed in a number of major world cities,
including New York, Sao Paolo and Rio de Janeiro.
and installation art, but she has also worked in film,
poetry and music. She is
probably
most famous
for her marriage to John Lennon of The Beatles.
Lennon once described her as ‘the world’s most
famous unknown artist: everybody knows her
name, but nobody knows what she
does.’
Her artistic work has
frequently
been criticised. Indeed, Brian Sewell, a
traditional art critic, said, ‘She’s shaped
nothing, she’s contributed nothing, she’s
simply been a reflection of the times ...’.
There is
certainly
disagreement with
Sewell’s views in the art world. In 2009,
she received a Golden Lion for Lifetime
Achievement from the Venice Biennale,
and in 2013 the largest retrospective
of her work opened in Frankfurt,
coinciding with her 80th birthday.
