31
MEDICINE AROUND THE WORLD
4.1
LISTENING
3
a
4.2
Listen to four extracts and match them with
the items in Exercise 2c (a–d).
3
b
Listen again and answer these questions.
Extract 1
1
Where did the student first start his course?
2
What specialism has he decided to follow when he
completes his degree?
Extract 2
3
What does the student like most about studying here?
4
Who attended the away day?
Extract 3
5
How many years has the student been at the
university?
6
Where did he spend a month working?
Extract 4
7
When did the student take part in a charity sporting
event?
8
Why is she proud of that achievement?
3
c
Look at Audio script 4.2 on page 151 and check
your answers.
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT (1)
4
a
These sentences all describe completed actions.
Underline the actions in each sentence.
1
I’ve just spent a month in a rural clinic.
2
I started my course at RCSI in Dublin in September
2011.
3
So far, in my time as a student, I’ve already saved
about 100 lives.
4
Last year I took part in the Paddle Bahrain challenge.
4
b
Answer these questions about the sentences above.
1
Which tense is each sentence in: past simple or
present perfect?
2
Look at the past simple sentences. Which one is
about a period of time in the past? Which one gives
the exact time of the action?
3
Look at the present perfect sentences. Are they about
finished or unfinished periods of time? What is the
period of time in sentence 1? Do they give the exact
time of the actions?
4
Match these time lines with the sentences.
5
a
Time expressions
Which of these time expressions
can we use with the present perfect?
five months ago last year yesterday this year
at five o’clock today in the last few days never
this week on December 20th so far to date
5
b
How do we make the present perfect (affirmative
and negative sentences, questions and short answers)?
¬
Language reference and extra practice, pages 108–109
6
Read the following summaries from blogs about
medical charities’ work around the world. Complete
the summaries with the present perfect or past
simple of the verbs in brackets. Underline the time
expressions which helped you to decide which tense
to use.
SPEAKING
7
a
Complete the questions below with the verbs
in the box. Ask and answer the questions with your
partner.
see (x2) read give visit
1
Have you
the dentist this year?
2
When did you last
an optician?
3
Have you ever
a doctor in another country?
4
Have you
stories in the news about medical
charities?
5
Have you ever
money to a charity?
7
b
You are going to find out about students’ life
experiences (what they have done in their lives).
Turn to page 134.
Now
Now
Now
Now
September 2011
100
a month
a
b
c
d
GRAMMAR TIP
You often use the present perfect to talk about actions
that have been completed before now. These actions
were completed in a period of time that is unfinished.
You do not say the exact time in the past of the action.
1
Mobile pediatric clinic
In the last few weeks alone,
hospital staff
five mobile clinics to treat
children in rural areas. (set up)
2
Training nurses
So far this year, 110 local nurses
training courses in Aceh province.
(complete)
3
Primary Health Care
Last week, students
a
special primary health care day at a local school.
(organise)
4
Healthier futures
This year, we
two child
nutrition clinics in Sudan and we hope to build two
more next year. (build)
5
No deliveries
Residents in two villages in the
desert
any food supplies this week as the
drought continues. (not receive)
6
Soccer Aid
Nearly 12,000 people
to raise
vital funds for the medical charity at a charity
football match. (help)
Medical charities
around the world
