15
DETERMINATION
2.1
VOCABULARY
PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
4
a
Find these adjectives in the text and in Audio script
2.1 on page 149. Who do they describe?
determined happy creative hard-working
kind friendly brave confident
4
b
Look again at the adjectives above. What are their
nouns? Use a dictionary to check.
determined – determination, happy – …
4
c
Complete these sentences with words from above.
Do you need a noun or an adjective?
1
Dad is very
. He’s always at work.
2
I’m sociable and
. I like meeting new
people.
3
He’s very
; he often draws pictures.
4
is more important than money.
5
is the desire to continue even when it
is difficult.
6
My sister says I’m very
because I love
rock climbing and surfing.
7
My brother has a lot of
. He is never
nervous when speaking in English.
8
My mother is very
, and she always
helps people who have problems.
4
d
Use the adjectives to describe people you know.
GRAMMAR
PAST SIMPLE
5
a
Match the beginnings and endings of these
sentences. Who would say each one?
1
I travelled to Antarctica
a
in 2006.
2
I won the investor of the
b
in 2011.
year award
3
I was president of the MENA
c
for three years.
Businesswomen’s Network
4
I won a scholarship
d
when I was 20.
GRAMMAR TIP
You use the past simple to talk about finished actions
and situations in the past. You know, and often say, the
time of the action or situation.
5
b
Complete these grammar notes with the verbs in
Exercise 5a.
1
You add -
ed
to the infinitive to make the past simple
of most verbs. These are regular verbs, e.g.
.
2
Sometimes you add
-ed
and make a small spelling
change, e.g.
,
.
3
Many common verbs in the past simple are
irregular. We don’t add -
ed
. We use a different
word, e.g.
.
5
c
Find examples of the different types of verb
spelling in the text and Audio script 2.1 on page 149.
¬
Language reference and extra practice, pages 104–105
5
d
Complete this description of an adventurer’s
journey.
I
1
(leave) Japan on 13
th
May, 2012 in my special
rowing boat. At first, the weather was good
and there
2
(be) no problems. However, after
three weeks, there
3
(be) a terrible storm. The
wind was very strong, and the sea
4
(become)
very rough. The storm
5
(break) my boat and
I
6
(use) my radio to ask for help. I
7
(stay)
inside my boat and
8
(wait). This was an
extremely difficult time for me. Finally, the Japanese
rescue ship
9
(arrive) and
10
(save) me, but
I
11
(lose) my boat. After that, I
12
(go)
back to London, but I never
13
(give up).
I
14
(start) my journey again in 2013.
6
Time expressions
Use these time expressions to
make true sentences about you. Then compare your
sentences with a partner.
ten years ago when I was 16 last year
last week in 2005 last night on Sunday
GRAMMAR TIP
You use
in
with years and months:
in 2006
,
in July
.
You use
on
with days:
on Sunday
,
on Monday
.
You use
at
with times:
at seven o’clock
,
at 8:15
.
PRONUNCIATION
7
a
2.2
Voiced/unvoiced consonants
The past
simple ending -
ed
has three possible pronunciations.
Listen to these examples and repeat them.
/t/
looked
/d/
travelled
/ɪd/
wanted
7
b
2.3
Work with a partner and put the regular
verbs from Exercises 5c and 5d into the three groups
above. Then listen and check your ideas.
SPEAKING AND WRITING
8
a
Do you know someone who has a lot of
determination to do something or a story about great
determination? Make notes to help you describe the
person or tell your story.
8
b
Share your examples of determination with your
partner. What are you personally determined to do?
9
Write a short story about determination, or a
description of a determined person that you know.
