20
2.3
EXTREME ENVIRONMENT
SPEAKING AND LISTENING
1
Work with a partner to brainstorm everything you
know about volcanoes in two minutes.
2
Guess the answers to this quiz.
3
2.3
Listen to someone talking about volcanoes
and answer the questions.
1
What is the situation?
2
What is the relationship between the speaker and
the listeners?
3
How many questions are asked?
4
Listen again and check your answers to the quiz.
GRAMMAR
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
5
a
Look at the direct questions below. Then look at
Audio script 2.3 on page 169, find exactly how they were
asked and write them in the table.
Direct questions
Indirect questions
1
What is the biggest volcano in
the world?
Can I ask what the
the biggest volcano
in the world is?
2
Can people go inside volcanoes?
3
Is Vesuvius an active volcano?
4
Why do volcanoes stop erupting?
5
Is the Chilean Copahue volcano
safe for local people?
5
b
Why does the professor use a direct question (
What
is a volcano
?) and the students use indirect questions?
5
c
Look again at the indirect questions in Exercise 5a.
Are these statements true or false?
1
We use the word order of affirmative statements in
indirect questions.
2
We use
if
or
whether
to introduce indirect
yes/no
questions.
3
We do not use the auxiliary
do
in present simple
indirect questions.
4
Indirect questions always end with a question mark.
¬
Language reference and extra practice, pages 126–149
6
a
Change the direct questions into indirect questions.
Use introductory phrases from Exercise 5a.
1
How high is Mauna Loa?
I’d like to know how high Mauna Loa is.
2
How many volcanoes erupt each year?
3
What causes a volcano to erupt?
4
What is the biggest volcano in the USA?
5
Which volcano has been showing a lot of activity recently?
6
When did Vesuvius destroy Pompeii?
7
When did Vesuvius last erupt?
8
Do a lot of people live near Vesuvius?
6
b
Work with a partner. Ask and answer the indirect
questions in Exercise 6a. Look at Audio script 2.3 on
page 169 to help you.
READING
7
Read the article about Yellowstone National Park on
page 21 quickly and number the topics in the order they
are mentioned.
a
a famous Italian volcano
b
the evacuation of Yellowstone
c
the width and thickness of the Yellowstone volcano
d
our changing understanding of volcanoes
e
an unexpected eruption in Japan
8
Read the article again and answer the questions in
your own words.
1
What makes Yellowstone such a popular tourist attraction?
2
What is under Yellowstone National Park’s surface?
3
Why is volcanology not an exact science?
4
Why would it not be easy to tell whether an eruption was
about to happen or not in Yellowstone?
5
Who was affected by the eruption of Mount Ontake and
why?
6
Why would an evacuation of Yellowstone be difficult?
VOCABULARY
ADVERBS
9
Match the highlighted adverbs in the text with adverbs
in the box with a similar meaning.
relatively normally greatly perhaps definitely
mainly carefully repeatedly
What do you know about Volcanoes?
Decide if these statements are true or false.
1
Volcanoes are a natural way that the Earth and
other planets have of cooling off.
2
The biggest volcano on Earth is Mauna Loa in
Hawaii.
3
Most volcanoes are found around the rim of the
Atlantic Ocean.
4
There are volcanoes around the coastline of
Antarctica.
5
There are no underwater volcanoes.
6
About fifty volcanoes erupt each year.
7
The temperature of lava flows can reach 1,250
°
C.
8
People can never go inside volcanoes.
9
There is a large volcano under Yellowstone Park
in the USA.
10
Vesuvius is a famous active volcano in Italy.
