LANGUAGE REFERENCE
132
4
GRAMMAR
G1
FUTURE CONTINUOUS,
GOING TO
, PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Form the future continuous with
will
/
won’t
+
be
+
-ing
form of the verb.
I
will be working
from home tomorrow, so I
won’t be
meeting
any clients.
Use the future continuous to talk about a temporary
action in progress at a particular time in the future.
They’
ll be opening
the new hospital next Tuesday.
I
won’t be working
on Wednesday. It’s my day off.
We can also use the future continuous to ask
tentative questions about people’s plans, especially if
we want them to do something.
Will
you
be coming
to the party? (I want you to come.)
Wil
l you
be using
your car this evening? (I’d like to
borrow it.)
We can also use this form to give reasons for refusing
something.
I’m afraid I can’t come to the party – I’
ll be working
.
GOING TO
Use
going to
to talk about intentions (things you plan
to do).
I’m
going to get
a new computer. (I want to get one,
but I haven’t ordered it yet.)
We’re
going to work
much harder next term. (We
want to do this, but we may not.)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Use the present continuous for fixed arrangements
(things that have already been planned and organised).
I’
m getting
a new computer tomorrow. (I’ve already
ordered it.)
Jane’
s working
at the supermarket next week. (It’s
organised.)
We normally use a time reference (or the speakers
know what time is being referred to) with the present
continuous for fixed arrangements.
I’m starting my degree course
this September
.
G2
FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE, FUTURE SIMPLE
FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
Form the future perfect simple with
will
/
won’t
+
have
+
past participle.
He
will have arrived
home by the time you phone.
We
won’t have done
the work in time for the meeting.
Use the future perfect to talk about an action you
expect to be completed by a time in the future.
By this time next year I
will have finished
all my exams.
(My exams will finish before this time next year.)
We usually use a time expression (
soon
,
by then
,
by
+
date,
in +
date).
Don’t worry – we’ll have finished the project
by then
.
They will have completed the stadium
in time for the
Olympics.
FUTURE SIMPLE
We use the future simple (
will
+ infinitive) to make
predictions about the future.
They
will
lose the next election.
Use adverbs of certainty (
probably
,
possibly
,
definitely
,
certainly
) to make the predictions more
or less certain. In affirmative sentences, the adverbs
come after
will
, before the main verb.
The old hospital will
probably
close down in the next
few years.
He’ll
definitely
call you if he’s interested in coming.
In negative sentences, the adverbs come before
will not
.
I
probably
won’t come to the lecture tomorrow.
KEY LANGUAGE
KL
DISCUSSING IMPLICATIONS
We need to look at the implications of doing it.
If we support him too strongly, the press may get hold of
the story.
It could be really bad for our reputation.
But it’s a risky option.
One consequence could be she’ll start negotiating with us.
It has a serious disadvantage.
That could be a big problem for us.
It would have a huge impact on our profits.
It would also result in other patients coming forward with
complaints.
VOCABULARY
V1
MEDICAL TERMS
Alzheimer’s, anaesthetist, antibiotic, arthritis, cancer,
chest infection, diabetes, heart disease, injection, midwife,
morphine, patient, painkiller, pharmacist, physiotherapy,
psychiatrist, radiologist, surgeon, transplant
V2
ADJECTIVES
authoritative, calm, efficient, knowledgeable, objective,
open-minded, patient, reassuring, sensitive, sociable,
sympathetic
V3
ILLNESS AND MEDICINE
complication, contract (v), diagnosis, fever, infection,
parasite, symptom, vaccine
V4
DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS
agree with, apply for, care for, complain about, deal
with, focus on, protect from, recover from, rely on,
specialise in, succeed in, suffer from, worry about
